1. Amandemen UU

Indeks : Indeks ; The Customs Act, 1962 was enacted to consolidate the entire gamut of laws governing the air, land and sea Customs, into a single enactment. Numerous amendments have since then been made in the Act. Customs duties roughly account for 30% of the Union revenues. The importance of the Act is, therefore, self evident. Globalization of trade and emergence of the World Trade Organisation has, in no way, diminished its importance. In fact, in the wake of new problems like anti-dumping measures, arising from globalization fresh and more complex challenges are being faced by the Customs officers, the courts, the lawyers, the importers and exporters and the Chambers of Commerce. This book offer a comprehensive commentary with up to date case law and incorporating complete coverage of all the amendments made in the Act so far. It critically analyses the key provjsions and, expounds important concepts; like: Corporations and their vicarious liability; Primary and Secondary offences; Mens rea, as a necessary ingredient, in adjudications and prosecutions; Implications of holding Customs Officers not to be "Police" Officers; Presumptions and burden of proof; Double jeopardy; Extent of bar of Civil Courts jurisdiction, and Promissory estoppel. All the relevant Rules, are compiled in the Appendix. Table of Cases and exhaustive Subject Index further enhance value of this work.